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Husserl, Edmund

Husserl defines phenomenology as a descriptive philosophy of the essences of pure experiences. He aims to capture experience in its primordial origin or essence, without interpreting, explaining, or theorizing. The essences with which phenomenology concerns itself are...

James, William

William James (1842-1910) was born in New York City on January 11, 1842. His father, Henry James was a Swedenborgian theologian. William James received very good education when he was young and travelled a lot. After graduating from school, he worked at Harvard...

Jaspers, Karl

As psychiatrist, Karl Jaspers believed that patients who suffer from primary delusions would effectively be “un-understandable” and therefore untreatable in a therapeutic manner for the psychiatrist, since there are no rational coherent processes that shaped their...

Kant, Immanuel

Famously, Kant made a distinction between the things-in-themselves (noumena) that lie beyond the reach and realm of human thinking and the things (phenomena) that we encounter (intuit) in everyday experiences as they appear in consciousness. Phenomena are the many...

Kierkegaard, Soren

Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and religious thinker who wrote literary and philosophical essays that reacted against Hegelian philosophy and the state church in Denmark, setting the stage for modern existentialism. Kierkegaard was born in Copenhagen, the...

Langeveld, Jan Martinus

Langeveld spoke of the “home, street, and kitchen approach” in practicing phenomenology to emphasize this quotidian interest in ordinary life topics, even as these topics often were born in the lifeworld contexts of clinical professional practices. The interest in the...